Teachers’ self-evaluating testHi, choose the correct answers. فیلد های "*" اجباری هستند نام و نام خانوادگی شرکت کننده*عنوان شغلی* مدرسین خورشیدسان سایر 1. What is the primary focus of the article?* A) The history of language learning B) The advantages of using the mother language in learning a foreign language C) The challenges of learning a foreign language D) The role of technology in language learning 2. According to Cummins (2000), what concept suggests that proficiency in the mother language can facilitate learning a second language?* A) Interdependence B) Independence C) Transferability D) Bilingualism 3. What cognitive advantage is associated with using the mother language in foreign language learning?* A) Decreased vocabulary B) Transfer of knowledge C) Limited understanding D) Reduced memory retention 4. Which researcher argues that bilingualism promotes cognitive flexibility and metalinguistic awareness?* A) Nation B) Krashen C) Bialystok D) MacIntyre 5. How does using the mother language improve memory retention according to Nation (2001)?* A) It complicates the learning process B) It provides explanations in the foreign language C) It helps learners grasp difficult concepts D) It reduces the need for practice 6. What psychological advantage does incorporating the mother language provide?* A) Reduced anxiety and increased motivation B) Reduced motivation C) Increased anxiety D) Decreased confidence 7. According to Krashen's Input Hypothesis, what is essential for language acquisition?* A) Exposure to complex language B) Comprehensible input slightly above the learner's level C) Complete immersion in the foreign language D) Avoiding the mother language 8. What pedagogical advantage does using the mother language offer in terms of comprehension?* A) It facilitates comprehension of complex structures B) It complicates understanding C) It limits vocabulary acquisition D) It reduces engagement 9. How can the mother language create culturally relevant contexts for learning?* A) By ignoring cultural backgrounds B) By focusing solely on the foreign language C) By avoiding discussions about culture D) By integrating learners' cultural experiences 10. What is one challenge educators face when using the mother language in instruction?* A) Over-reliance on the foreign language B) Balancing the use of both languages C) Ensuring all students speak the same language D) Reducing the use of the mother language 11. What does Vygotsky (1978) emphasize regarding social interaction in learning?* A) It is crucial for cognitive development B) It is irrelevant to cognitive development C) It hinders language acquisition D) It should be avoided in classrooms 12. How does using the mother language foster inclusivity in diverse classrooms?* A) By promoting only one language B) By ignoring students' cultural identities C) By recognizing and valuing all linguistic backgrounds D) By limiting communication to the foreign language 13. What is a potential benefit of using the mother language in collaborative learning?* A) It creates competition among students B) It enhances social skills and teamwork C) It reduces communication D) It complicates group dynamics 14. What does the article suggest about the relationship between language and identity?* A) Language is a key component of identity B) Language has no impact on identity C) Identity is irrelevant to language learning D) Language only affects cultural pride 15. What is one way to address the challenge of teacher proficiency in both languages?* A) Ignore the issue B) Limit the use of the mother language C) Focus solely on the foreign language D) Provide professional development programs 16. What does the article suggest about parental involvement in language learning?* A) It is unnecessary B) It can present challenges C) It should be avoided D) It is always beneficial 17. What is the significance of culturally relevant pedagogy according to Gay (2010)?* A) It complicates the learning process B) It enhances comprehension and belonging C) It limits student engagement D) It focuses only on academic success 18. What is a key factor in effective differentiation in language instruction?* A) Ignoring students' backgrounds B) Using only one teaching method C) Recognizing varying readiness levels and interests D) Focusing solely on the foreign language 19. What does the article conclude about the use of the mother language in foreign language instruction?* A) It has numerous advantages across cognitive, psychological, pedagogical, and social dimensions B) It is detrimental to language learning C) It should be completely avoided D) It is only beneficial for young learners 20. What is the overall recommendation for educators regarding the mother language in foreign language education?* A) To eliminate its use entirely B) To focus solely on the foreign language C) To embrace it as a valuable resource for enhancing language learning D) To use it only in advanced classes 21. What is one of the cognitive benefits of bilingualism mentioned in the article?* A) Decreased problem-solving skills B) Enhanced metalinguistic awareness C) Limited vocabulary acquisition D) Reduced cognitive flexibility 22. According to the article, how does using the mother language affect adult learners compared to younger learners?* A) Adult learners have a more developed understanding of linguistic concepts B) Adult learners struggle more with concepts C) Younger learners retain information better D) There is no difference in learning outcomes 23. What role does the mother language play in reducing anxiety during language learning?* A) It increases anxiety levels B) It complicates communication C) It has no effect on anxiety D) It provides a sense of security and familiarity 24. Which of the following is a method suggested for balancing the use of the mother language and the foreign language?* A) Using only the mother language B) Gradually increasing the use of the foreign language C) Avoiding the mother language entirely D) Focusing solely on vocabulary drills 25. What is the significance of collaborative learning as discussed in the article?* A) It hinders individual learning B) It promotes competition among students C) It enhances understanding and retention through social interaction D) It is less effective than individual study 26. How can educators create a supportive environment for language learning?* A) By discouraging the use of the mother language B) By allowing students to express themselves in their mother language C) By focusing only on grammar rules D) By limiting student interactions 27. What does the article suggest about the relationship between language and culture?* A) Language and culture are unrelated B) Culture should be ignored in language learning C) Language learning is only about vocabulary D) Understanding cultural nuances is essential for effective communication 28. What is one of the challenges related to curriculum design mentioned in the article?* A) Developing bilingual resources that integrate both languages meaningfully B) Creating materials that only focus on the foreign language C) Ignoring students' linguistic backgrounds D) Limiting the use of technology in the classroom 29. According to the article, what is the impact of using the mother language on students' cultural pride?* A) It diminishes cultural pride B) It strengthens students' sense of identity and cultural pride C) It has no effect on cultural pride D) It creates confusion about cultural identity 30. What is the overall message of the article regarding the use of the mother language in foreign language education?* A) It should be avoided to ensure immersion in the foreign language B) It complicates the learning process C) It is a valuable resource that enhances the learning experience D) It is only beneficial for certain age groups
